The Attendance to Five Art Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 440

The Attendance to Five Art Events - Essay Example An example is the Inventing Impressionism event that was earlier this ye\r displaying various portraits with an example below.The commencement of the tour was on November 7, and 8 of 2015 with gates open from 9 in the morning and close at 5 in the evening. The visit to the small cottages and the towns tend to bring a new perspective of the local cultures of the cities and villages as well as the art and the cuisine. The best place to visit was the Bradbury Museum of Science that showcases the development stages of the atom bombs. Another important feature was the Bandelier National Monument that represents the cliff dwellings of ancient man and the Indian ruins as well as the petroglyphs. The date of the event was October 9 with the place open from 5 in the morning to 8 in the evening. The organizers were the CU Department of Fine Arts whose display was mostly the art facilities, the viewing of the BFA and the MFA students working in the studio and the discovery of new talents. The admission was free, and there was the message to encourage upcoming artists to develop more techniques and abilities. The Admission was also free, and the place had many people touring the various exhibitions. The event had the duration of four days that would commence on October 8 and end on the 11th of the same month. The locations of the event were between San Francisco and the Silicon Valley at the San Mateo center for events. The showcase was mainly a feature of the great artistic works of the 21st and the 20th centuries with a conjunction of works from other art galleries and art institutions. The work was a reflection of the high standards and the expectations of the Miami population in the display of the post-war blue-chip plus the works in the modern times. Other features in the exhibition were courtesy of emerging artists practicing new media. Below indicates a painting for the Armory show that was a particular event in the Silicon Valley.

Thesis writing guide Essay Example for Free

Thesis writing guide Essay The Centre for Graduate Studies of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) would like to extend its appreciation to the members of staff who contributed their efforts and ideas in the preparation of this fourth edition of the Thesis Writing Guide. This manuscript was updated based on the third edition published in 2006. The Centre would also like to thank all parties involved in the publication of the manuscript. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER 1 THESIS STRUCTURE AND CONTENT 1 1. 1. Thesis definition 1 1. 2 Thesis structure 1 1. 3 Thesis status declaration 2 1. 4 Viva voce examination panel 3 1. 5 Title page 3 1. 6 Declaration page 3 1. 7 Dedication page (Optional) 3 1. 8 Acknowledgement page (Optional) 4 1. 9 Abstract 4 1. 10 Content page 4 1. 11 List of tables page 5 1. 12 List of figures page 5 1. 13 List of symbols and abbreviations page 5 1. 14 List of appendices page 5 1. 15 Text 6 1. 15. 1 References in the text 7 1. 15. 2 Tables in the text 7 iv 1. 15. 3 Figures in the text 8 1. 15. 4 Equation in the text 9 1. 16 References 9 1. 17 Appendices 10 1. 18 Vita 10 CHAPTER 2 SIZE AND FORMAT. 11 2. 1 Paper and size 11 2. 2 Margin 11 2. 3 Page numbering 11 2. 4 Numbering of chapters and sub-titles 12 2. 5 Typing 13 2. 6 Spacing and format 13 2. 7 Printing of documents 14 2. 8 Lettering and drawings 14 2. 9 Maximum number of pages 15 2. 10 Binding of thesis 15 2. 10. 1 Cover colour and letterings 15 2. 10. 2 Thesis cover 16 2. 10. 3 Thesis spine 16 2. 10. 4 Trimming 16 CHAPTER 3 FORMAT OF REFERENCES 17 3. 1 Introduction 17 3. 2 Author (Date) System 17 3. 2. 1 Writing cited information 19 3. 2. 2 Writing the reference list 21 3. 2. 3 Writing the names of authors 22 3. 2. 4 Referring different types of sources 23 v 3. 3 31 3. 3. 1 Citing references in the text 31 IEEE Format 31 3. 4. 1 Citing references in the text 3. 4 Referring to Electronic References 31 3. 4. 2 Writing Style in publishing of reference list 31 REFERENCES 36 APPENDIX 38 vi LIST OF TABLES 1. 1 Structure and content of thesis 1 CHAPTER 1 THESIS STRUCTURE AND CONTENT 1. 1 Definition The specific use of the word â€Å"thesis† in this guide refers to the academic writings submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the doctoral degree or the masters by research degree. The word â€Å"thesis† is also used in general to refer to the master’s project report and research dissertations, which are the documents submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of masters by coursework or mixed-mode, as well as the undergraduate project reports. 1. 2 Structure A thesis is made up of several sections, arranged in the sequence shown in Table 1. 1. Table 1. 1: Sequence of contents NO. SECTION REQUIREMENT EXAMPLE (APPENDIX) REMARKS 1 Blank Page 2 Declaration of Thesis Status Required A1/ A2/ A3/A4 Unnumbered 3 Examiners’ Declaration Required B Unnumbered 2 Table 1. 1 (continued) NO. SECTION REQUIREMENT 4 Title Required EXAMPLE (APPENDIX) C1/ C2/ C3 5 Student’s Declaration Required D1 /D2 6 Dedication Optional E 7 Acknowledgements Optional F 8 Abstract Required 9 Contents Required G1a/ G1b/ G2a G2b H 10 List of Tables Required I 11 List of Figures Required J 12 Required K 13 List of Symbols and Abbreviations List of Appendices Required L 14 Text Required M 15 References Required P1/P2 16 Appendices Optional 17 Vita Required Q 1. 3 REMARKS Unnumbered but considered as (i) Lowercase Roman numeral (ii) Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman  numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Lowercase Roman numeral Arabic numeral starting with the page number Arabic numeral continued with text Arabic numeral continued with text Unnumbered Declaration of thesis status The status of a thesis must be declared by completing the Thesis Status Form as shown in APPENDICES A1-A4. If a thesis is to be classified as confidential or limited, a letter seeking this classification must be obtained from the organisations concerned and submitted to the Dean of the Centre for Graduate Studies, the Dean of the Faculty or related academic centres. The approval letter must state the reasons for and duration of the classification. The typical duration for this classification is three years. Where an author classifies a thesis as unlimited, the University shall assume that the thesis is non-confidential. Copies of the thesis can be made and used by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. 3 1. 4 Viva voce examination panel The names of the members of the viva voce examination panel shall be included as shown in APPENDIX B. This page is not applicable for the master’s project report or the undergraduate project report. 1. 5 Title. The title page must contain the following information in the following order: (i) Title of the thesis; (ii) Full name of the student; (iii) Statement on the purpose of the thesis submission; (iv) Name of the faculty or centre where the student is registered; (v) Name of the University; and (vi) The month and year the thesis was written and accepted. Theses for the Master’s degree by research and the Doctor of Philosophy degree must be approved by the Graduate Studies Committee (Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah), whilst others must be approved by the relevant committee. (Please refer to APPENDICES C1-C3) 1. 6 Declaration The declaration page contains a statement declaring the originality of the thesis. It must be signed by the author. Please refer to APPENDICES D1-D2. 1. 7 Dedication (optional) The dedication message must be concise, must not exceed one paragraph and must not contain any numbers, graphs or figures. Please refer to APPENDIX E. 4 1. 8 Acknowledgements (optional) Acknowledgements must be written on a single page only. Its purpose is to record the author’s appreciation for individuals or organisations that provided their assistance either directly or indirectly in the preparation of the thesis. Please refer to APPENDIX F. 1. 9 Abstract The abstract is a short summary of the thesis. It should describe the rationale and objectives (problem statement), the methodology, as well as the findings and conclusion of the study undertaken. The abstract must not be longer than 250 words for a Master’s thesis or Master’s project report and not longer than 350 words for a Doctoral thesis written in two languages, Bahasa Melayu and English. For a thesis written in English, the abstract must be written in English first followed by its Malay translation on the next page. Do not include any literature review, unexplained abbreviations, limitations or suggestions for future research in the abstract. It must be written with a spacing of one and a half (1? ) lines. Please refer example abstract for engineering at APPENDIX G1a and APPENDIX G2a and example abstract for social science at APPENDIX G1b and APPENDIX G2b. 1. 10 Table of contents The table of contents must begin on a new page. The information is organised by chapter, topic and page number. Every chapter, topic and page number shown in the table of contents must correspond to the same chapter, topic and page number in the thesis. Sub-titles may be displayed up to three levels only. Please refer to APPENDIX H. 1. 11 List of tables This page contains a list of all tables presented in the thesis. Information such as table numbers, table captions and the corresponding page numbers where the tables 5 appear must be shown clearly in the list. The list must be ordered by chapter. Please refer to APPENDIX I. 1. 12 List of figures All illustrations included in the text such as maps, charts, drawings, graphs, pictures and photos are considered as ‘Figures’. The list of figures contains all the figure numbers, titles and the corresponding page numbers on which they appear. The list of figures must be ordered by chapter. Please refer to APPENDIX J. 1. 13 List of symbols and abbreviations This page lists down all the symbols, abbreviations, nomenclature and terminology used in the text. The order of writing them is as follows: Roman letter alphabetical order Greek letter alphabetical order Superscript alphabetical order Subscript alphabetical order Please refer to APPENDIX K. For further information on spelling and abbreviations, students are advised to refer to the latest edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary published by Oxford University Press. 1. 14 List of appendices. This page lists down the appendices included with the thesis. Please refer to APPENDIX L. 1. 15 Text Text in the thesis must be organised in titled chapters. The titles must reflect the content of the chapter. Every chapter must begin on a new page. Chapters can be divided into sub-chapters with corresponding sub-titles. Titles and sub-titles must be 6 numbered. Please refer to APPENDIX O. There is no restriction on the total number of chapters in a thesis. Generally, a thesis will have the following basic structure. (a) Introduction This chapter describes the aim, objectives and scope of the research as well as the structure of the thesis. (b) Literature review The literature review is a critically written and comprehensive account of the published works on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. It is directly related to the thesis, providing information on theories, models, materials and techniques used in the research. c) Methodology This important chapter explains in detail the samples, instruments, materials, procedures and data gathering methods used in the research. (d) Data analysis and results This chapter explains the data analysis techniques and results through written text, figures, tables, and/or other means. (e). Discussion and conclusions In this chapter, the writer discusses the results and research findings by comparing them with the previous research work mentioned in the literature review chapter. Conclusions are drawn based on the research findings and their implications. Future works are also discussed. Students who need to translate their theses are advised to refer to the latest edition of Gaya Dewan Bahasa dan Pedoman Translasi published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1. 15. 1 References in the text When an information or idea is taken from a source, the author of the source must be acknowledged in the text. References cited in the text must be written according to the style prescribed in CHAPTER 3: FORMAT OF REFERENCES. 7 1. 15. 2 Tables in the text All tables must be numbered using Arabic numerals. Table numbers must be linked to the chapter number. For example, the third table appearing in Chapter 4 is numbered, â€Å"Table 4. 3†. The caption for a table is placed 1. 5 lines above the table and written in Times New Roman font, size 12 without a period at the end and left justified with single line spacing between lines. The text in the table must be written using Times New Roman font, size 10 and single line spacing between lines. If a table extends beyond the end of a page, its continuation on the next page must, for example, be labeled, â€Å"Table 4. 3 (continued)†. As an example, please refer to Table 1. 1 on pages 12. If a table is taken from a particular source, the source must be stated at the end of the caption. Please refer to APPENDIX N. A table can only be presented after it is cited in the text. All tables that appear in the text must be listed in the list of tables as shown in APPENDIX I. 1. 15. 3 Figures in the text All figures must be of high quality and numbered using Arabic numerals. Figure numbers must be linked to the chapter number. For example, the third table/graph/chart/etc appearing Chapter 4 is numbered, â€Å"Figure 4. 3†. The caption for a figure is placed 1. 5 lines below the table/graph/chart/etc and written in font size 12 without a period at the end with single line spacing between lines. If a figure extends beyond the end of a page, its continuation on the next page must, for example, be labeled, â€Å"Figure 4. 3 (continued)†. If a figure is taken from a particular source, the source must be stated at the end of the caption. Please refer to APPENDIX N. A figure is best placed immediately after it is cited in the text. All figures that appear in the text must be listed in the list of figures as shown in APPENDIX J. Illustrations in diskettes, on slides or in other similar mediums must be placed inside a specially made pocket attached on the inside back cover of the thesis. Illustrations with large dimensions, such as plans and maps, must be reduced in size to fit into a single page. Illustrations must comply with the following conditions: 8 1. 15. 3. 1 Photographs Photographs used as illustration must be affixed in the text using high quality glue or other better techniques. 1. 15. 3. 2 Newspaper and other clippings. A clear and high quality photocopied version of the actual clipping must be used instead of the original. 1. 15. 3. 3 Maps and aerial photographs Maps and aerial photographs intended to be included in a thesis must have obtained prior written permission from the Ketua Pengarah Pemetaan Negara (Director General of National Mapping). Illustrations must be scanned and printed using a high resolution colour printer. 1. 15. 4 Mathematical equations Mathematical equations must be numbered using Arabic numerals. Equation numbers must be written at the end of the equation and linked to the chapter number. For example, the numbers (4. 3) and (4. 4) are given to the third and fourth equations respectively that appear in Chapter 4, as follows: y2= 32 + 3xy + C (4. 3) z = 106 + 9y5+84 + 7y6x5 + 6y5x4 + 54 + 4y4x3 + 3y3x2 + 2y2x + yx 1. 16 (4. 4) References References are the sources referred to when preparing a thesis and cited in the text of the thesis. Thesis writers are required to list down all cited materials in the list 9 of references (refer to APPENDIX P1 and APPENDIX P2). The list of references must be prepared according to the format prescribed in CHAPTER 3: FORMAT OF REFERENCES. 1. 17. Appendices (optional) The appendix section gives an author the opportunity to include materials that can provide additional information in the text to support the study. These materials include tables, charts, computer programmes and questionnaires. Here are some guidelines for the appendix. (a) Research data, tables, examples of questionnaires, maps, photos and other materials that are too long to be included in the text or are not directly required to comprehend the text can be included as appendices. Generally, tables and graphics that are more than two pages long should be put in the appendix section. (b) Appendices are labelled as APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, etc depending on the type and quantity of the materials. Appendices can also be given specific titles. 1. 18 Vita Students must provide a one-page â€Å"Vita† of themselves to be placed at the end of the thesis after the appendices. This â€Å"Vita† page is unnumbered. See APPENDIX Q for an example of the â€Å"Vita† page. CHAPTER 2 SIZE AND FORMAT 2. 1 Paper quality and size Only high quality A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm) white simili paper, weighing 80 grams, may be used for the thesis. 2. 2 Margin The margins should be 4 cm from the left, 2. 5 cm from the top, 2. 5 cm from the right and 2. 5 cm from the bottom, on every page including the cover. 2. 3 Page numbering Number the pages according to the sequence given in Table 1. 1. The page number must be written at the top right corner, 1. 5 cm from the top and 2. 5 cm from the right, measured from the last digit of the page number. The page numbering system must conform to the following rules: (i) The preface of the thesis, starting from the title page, must be numbered using lower case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii and so on); the text pages and the rest of the thesis must be numbered using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on). (ii). The first page of the thesis, the title page, is an unnumbered page ‘i’. (iii) The first page of Chapter 1 is unnumbered but is considered as page ‘1’. The same applies to the first page of all the following Chapters, where the first 12 page is unnumbered but taken into account for the purpose of numbering the subsequent pages. 2. 4 Numbering of chapters and sub-chapters Chapters and sub-chapters must be numbered using Arabic numerals. Chapters are numbered CHAPTER 1, CHAPTER 2, CHAPTER 3, and so on. Sub-chapters are nested, but its numbering is not indented, up to a maximum of 4 levels as in the example shown below: CHAPTER 2 First level (Chapter number) 2. 1 Level 2 (sub-title); 2. 1. 1 Level 3 (sub-sub-title); 2. 1. 1. 1 Level 4 (sub-sub-sub-title) If a chapter title or sub-title at any level exceeds a single line, the spacing between the lines must be the same as that of the text. Subsequent sub-chapters beyond the fourth nesting level must be numbered using alphabets. The distance between the title number and the title is one (1) cm irrespective of its nesting level (refer to APPENDIX R). 2. 5 Typing The thesis should be typed out on a computer in Times New Roman font, size 12, and using Microsoft Word version 6. 0 or later, except for tables and figures (refer to 1. 14. 2 and 1. 14. 3). Words in a language that is different from the language of the thesis must be typed in italics. The spacing between text lines should be 1. 5 lines. Text should be typed on one side of a paper only. Chapter titles should be typed with capital letters and centered between the left and right margins. Each chapter must begin on a new page. Chapters and subchapters should be titled. Titles should be typed in bold without underline. Only the first letter of the first word of a sub-title should be in uppercase. 13 2. 6 Spacing and format. Students must adhere to the following text spacing guidelines: (i) The spacing between the upper margin and a chapter number is 2. 5 cm. (ii) The spacing between the chapter number and the chapter title is 4 lines. (iii) The spacing between the chapter title and the first line of text is 2 lines. (iv) The spacing between a sub-title and the last line of the preceding text is 2 lines. (v) The spacing between a sub-title and the first line of the following text is 2 lines. (vi) There should be no spacing between paragraphs. (vii) Start a sub-title, including its numbering, from the left margin. (viii). Start the first line of text of the first paragraph below the sub-title without any indent, beginning from the left margin; the following paragraphs should be indented 1. 27 cm from the left margin. (ix) Do not start the first sentence of a new paragraph at the bottom of a page if the space available can only fit one line. (x) The text should be left justified except for the first line of the first paragraph in a section. (Refer to (viii) above). The author is responsible for removing any excess space between words. (xi) The spacing between the last line of text and a Table, Figure or Illustration should be 1 line. (xii) The spacing between a period (. ) and the first letter of the next sentence of the same paragraph is at least one (1) character. (xiii) 2. 7 The spacing after a comma (,) is at least one (1) character. Printing of documents Theses must be typed out using a computer and printed using a laser printer or a printer with an equivalent print quality. 14 2. 8 Letterings and drawings Letterings and drawings should be clear so that copies made will be of satisfactory quality without any loss of information. 2. 9 Maximum number of pages The maximum number of pages for a thesis is as follows: Undergraduate Project Report: should not exceed 100 pages Master’s Project Report and Thesis: should not exceed 200 pages Doctor of Philosophy Thesis: should not exceed 300 pages These limits do not include tables, diagrams and other illustrations except appendices. Students who intend to write a thesis that exceeds the given limit must obtain a written approval from the Dean of the Centre for Graduate Studies or the Dean of the Faculty (for undergraduate reports) by submitting an application through their supervisors. 2. 10 Binding All theses must be bound. A thesis must be temporarily bound (spiral binding) for the purpose of examination, and may only be hard-bound after obtaining the approval of the Graduate Studies Committee or other committee(s) for the related programme. 2. 10. 1 Cover colour and letterings For submission to the University, theses must be permanently bound with buckram covers and gold letterings using regular Times New Roman font, size 18. The colour codes for the cover are as follows: (i) Doctor of Philosophy Thesis: Black (585) (ii) Master’s Thesis: Moss Green (557) (iii) Undergraduate Project Report: New Blue (550) 15 2. 10. 2 Cover The thesis cover must be of A4 size (210mm x 297mm). The title, author’s name and the words ‘Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia’ must be written in capital letters on the front cover of the thesis, as shown in APPENDIX S. 2. 10. 3 Spine The abbreviated name of the University, â€Å"UTHM†, the author’s name, the month and the year the thesis is approved* and the level of study must be stated on the spine, as shown in APPENDIX T. *Date of status confirmation for undergraduate Project Report/Master’s Project Report/Master’s Thesis/Doctoral Thesis (Refer Appendix A1-A4) 2. 10. 4 Trimming. The thesis can only be trimmed by 2. 5 mm on each side of the A4 paper during binding. CHAPTER 3 FORMAT OF REFERENCES 3. 1 Introduction Sources that are referred to in a thesis, whether published or not, must be stated. The source of information must be acknowledged in the text as well as in the reference list. Proper acknowledgement is important because it will help others locate and verify the original sources. Furthermore, proper citation can avoid allegations of plagiarism. Acknowledgements in the text must be linked to the list of reference using the â€Å"Author (Date)† system or the â€Å"Number (IEEE) Format†. 3. 2 Author (Date) System The system is also known as the American Psychological Association (APA) system. 3. 2. 1 Citing references in the text A reference can be written in a sentence itself or at the end of a sentence. (a) In the Author (Date) style, the year of publication must be placed in brackets after the name of the author. For example; According to Mohamed (2005), a large proportion of scheduling problems in the various sectors, such as economic and engineering, can be classified with a class of problems known as constrained optimisation. (b). If a reference is not cited in the sentence itself, the author’s name and year of 17 publication must be written within brackets. For example; Therefore, research on effective solution methods for constraint optimisation has become the focus of current research (Mohamed, 2005). (c) If a source of reference is authored by two people, state both authors’ names. For example; Maintenance scheduling has been researched for a long time, for example in the generation of power by Kralj Petrevic (1995) (d) If a reference contains three authors, state all three names the first time it is referred to in the text. For the second and subsequent times it is mentioned, state only the first author’s name followed by â€Å"et al. † and year. For example; A study by Alias, Black Gray (2002) shows that engineering students have lower spatial visualisation ability than required. Since this ability is important in solving engineering problems, it needs to be improved among engineering students (Alias et al. , 2002). (e) For a reference with four or more authors, state only the name of the first author followed by â€Å"et al. † and year. (f). Use lowercase letters (a, b, c) to differentiate between two or more publications published in the same year by the same author. For example; An example of an application that uses a constraint programming language is ILOG Solver by Puget and Albert (1994a). In addition, Puget and Albert (1994b) also found that the use of object is widespread, especially within artificially intelligent programming. (g) Secondary sources may not be cited. Thesis authors must refer to the original reference source. An example of a secondary source is given below: Ali (in Abu, 2000) emphasised that . 3. 2. 2 Writing cited information There are three main ways to acknowledge the source of an idea or information cited in the text, namely (a) quotation, (b) paraphrasing and (c) summarising. examples that follow are based on the following excerpt: The 18 Biological time is not only scientifically important, but it also greatly affects the productivity and health of a nation. The cost to the nation’s health of working out of phase with our biological clocks is probably incalculable at present. In the short term, poor sleep, gastrointestinal problems, higher accident rate, and social problems are evident. (p. 1000) Source: Rajaratnam, S. (2001). Health in a 24-hr society. Lancet, 358, pp. 999 – 1005. 3. 2. 2. 1 Quotation Words of an author may be quoted exactly by the writer to support an argument. When a direct quotation from a source is taken, it should run into the text with double quotation marks if it is reasonably brief (three (3) or less sentences) with the end-of-sentence period in the normal place. (a) Emphasis on the writer To give emphasis to the writer, the author’s name is written at the beginning of the sentence. For example; Rajaratnam (2001) concluded that, â€Å"The cost to the nation’s health of working out of phase with our biological clocks is probably incalculable at present. † (p. 1000). Furthermore (b) Emphasis on the idea To emphasise the idea, the author’s name is written at the end of the sentence. For example; A lot of discussion has been made on the cost of working out of phase with our biological clocks. â€Å"The cost to the nation’s health of working out of phase with our biological clocks is probably incalculable at present† (Rajaratnam, 2001, p. 1000). Therefore, A quotation containing more than three sentences must be set off from the text as a paragraph on its own with 1 cm indent, placing the period at the end of the quoted text with no period after the reference citation page number. Single spacing should be used for block quotations. For example; According to a renowned scholar (Rajaratnam, 2001), Biological time is not only scientifically important, but it also greatly affects the productivity and health of a nation. The cost to the nation’s health of working out of phase with our biological clocks is probably incalculable at present. In the 19 short term, poor sleep, gastrointestinal problems, higher accident rate, and social problems are evident. (p. 1000) 3. 2. 2. 2 Paraphrasing The paraphrasing method is used to acknowledge information taken from the original author by rewording the original text without altering its meaning nor providing the writer’s own interpretation. For example; Rajaratnam (2001) argues that while the notion of biological time is of scientific importance, it is also economically and socially significant at a national level. He points to the health, productivity and social problems which may be attributed to individuals working â€Å"out of phase† with their internal clocks. 3. 2. 2. 3 Summarising The writer may summarise cited text in his/her own words to present the key points of an author’s arguments or ideas, without altering the meaning. For example; In his conclusion, Rajaratnam (2001) points to the possible economic and social costs incurred by a nation, when individuals work â€Å"out of phase† with their biological clocks. 3. 2. 3 Writing the reference list All sources of reference that are cited in the thesis must be listed at the end of the text under the title â€Å"REFERENCES†. Do not use the word â€Å"BIBLIOGRAPHY† because it indicates a list of all sources that was referred to including those not cited in the text. The reference list must be in alphabetical order. Two or more sources by one author must be listed in chronological order. For example a 2002 publication by Suradi must be listed before his 2007 publication. 20 3. 2. 4 Writing the names of authors. In general, an author’s surname (family name) or patronymic name (father’s name) is written first followed by the initials of his/her other names. This is a common system used in academic writing internationally. Examples of how to write an author’s name are as follows: (i) Name : Malik ibn Anas : Ibn Anas, M. Name : Tan Beng Keat : Tan, B. K. Name : Raymond Tan Beng Keat : Tan, R. B. K. Name : Srinivasan Venkataraman : Venkataraman, S. Name : S. N. Gupta : Gupta, S. N. Name : Pretam Singh Written as : Singh, P. Name : Yasunori Matsufuji Written as (x) : Al-Attas, S. M. N. Written : (ix) : Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas. Written as (viii) Name Written as (vii) : Abdullah, M. N. Written as (vi) : Mohd Noor Abdullah Written as (v) Name Written as (iv) : Pavlovic, J. N. Written as (iii) : John Neville Pavlovic Written as (ii) Name : Matsufuji, Y. 3. 2. 5 References from different types of sources In thesis writing, references can be made to various types of sources. The following examples can be used as a guide in writing the different types of sources in the reference list. 21 3. 2. 5. 1 Books The major elements that must be included when an article is taken from a book are as follows: Author (Year). Title of book. Edition. Location: Publisher. An example of a reference by one author; Race, P. (2002). How to Get a Good Degree: Making the Most of Your Time at University. Buckingham: Open University Press. An example of a reference by two or three authors; Creme, P. Lea, M. R. (2003). Writing at University. 2nd ed. Maiden: Open University Press. Delamont, S. , Atkinson, P. Parry, O. (2004). Supervising the Doctorate: A Guide to Success. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Society for Research into Higher Education Open University Press. For publications that have more than one author, the word â€Å"and† and â€Å"dan† is replaced by the symbol â€Å"†. If the book has an editor, the name of the editor must also be written. The general format is as follows: Editor (Ed. ) (Year). Title of book. Location: Publisher. As an example; Martin, A. M. (Ed. ) (1991). Peat as an Agent in Biological Degradation of Waste. London: Elsevier. The page numbers are required if the editor edits part of the book. As an example; Lees, R. H. (Ed. ) (1974). Chemical Nomenclature Usage. Chischester: Ellis Horwood. pp. 314-362. 3. 2. 5. 2 Articles from books The major elements that must be included when an article is taken from a book are as follows: Author (Year). Title of article. in Author. Title of book. Location: Publisher. Page numbers. For example; 22 Sarmani, S. (1987). Pencemaran Radioaktif. in Mohamad, A. B. (Ed. ). Perspektif Persekitaran. Petaling Jaya: Fajar Bakti. pp. 71 -87. 3. 2. 5. 3 Articles from journals The major elements that must be included when an article is taken from a journal are as follows: Author (Year). Title of article. Title of journal, vol. no. (issue no. ), page numbers. For example; Mikac, N. Branica, M. (1994). Complexation of trialkyllead with diethyldithiocarbonate. Electroanalysis, 6(2), pp. 37 – 43.

George Lopez Essay -- Media Television TV

The television show, George Lopez, is a series in which Latinos make up the entire cast of the family. It takes place in the present day Los Angeles and focuses on a family and their daily lifestyle. This is one of two television shows that are directed to the English speaking population that has the Latino minority as the main ethnicity of the cast. Only 4% of Hispanics make up the cast of prime-time television shows, a miniscule amount considering that Hispanic-Americans are the largest minority group in the US. The ways in which minorities are portrayed in the show have their good aspects as well as bad aspects. This is to be expected since showing all good points or all the bad points isn't a fair perspective of the Latino population. As a show that points out a minority, its necessary to look as the good as well as the bad to find if it is actually a optimistic view of the race or a pessimistic one. The positives shown in The George Lopez Show are demonstrated by the members of the family in many different ways. The main character George, was promoted to plant manager of an L.A. airplane parts factory in the beginning of the series. He also receives an award for excellence in business management later on in the series. These represent the success of a Latino man. In one episode, when George finds out that one of his son's friends is having a rough home life, he makes arrangement for someone to take him in and take care of him until his home is safe enough for him to reside in. This show's how human and how caring he towards others as well as his family. When his son, Max, needs help with his baseball skills in another episode, George shows that he is a devoted father and works tirelessly on improving his son's skills. ... ... Show† properly portraying Hispanic Americans in this country? Or is it just hopeful thinking on the part of Mr. Lopez on what he hopes will change (Porter, 2002)? It is true that â€Å"The George Lopez Show† does not stoop to the usual levels of stereotyping Hispanics as lazy or gang members (Morales, 2002). For the most part the show does a good job in portraying Hispanics in a non stereotypical way, however, the way that certain characters on the show talk, such as the mother and the brother, are very much the stereotypical Mexican dialect. Also, Lopez’s children are extremely lazy, which is stereotypical of the Hispanic culture, although its also very abundant in teenage culture too (Morales, 2002). The â€Å"George Lopez Show† has been very successful up until now in starting to remove the typical Mexican stereotypes in America, but it still has a long way to go.

American History Précis Essay

In the short story American History by Judith Ortiz Cofer encourages us to understand our own feeling and being sensitive to the situation around us before we act. Cofer supports her claim by describing Elena’s insensitivity to the president’s death visiting Eugene while everyone was still mourning. Eugene’s Mother assumes that Elena, her family, or Puerto rico immigrants in general are insensitive to the tragedy. â€Å"I don’t know how you people do it,† pg 301 Eugene’s mother also doesn’t understand immigrants and believes herself superior to both Elena and people who are similar to Elena, she believes that she is not sorrowful enough about president Kennedy’s death to want to study with her son. However she doesn’t understand Elena’s feelings of simply wanted to spend time with Eugene, whom she liked and could connect to. † In the same was Elena also fails to understand the situation around her. The author uses dialogue as her mother warns her â€Å"you are heading towards humiliation and pain† pg 300. Unlike Elena, her mother understands the situation around her knowing that Eugenes mother won’t be happy that Elena want to study with her son. The author encourages to understand people feelings around us in order that we can be sensitive to them, which will prevent â€Å"humiliation and pain. † The speaker in this short story is an innocent young girl called â€Å"skinny bones† who goes through hardships and trouble at school. She lives in the crowded el building that houses immigrants from Puerto Rico like herself. Her tone can be described as unhappy and uncontent with her life â€Å"I hated my skinny flat-chested body, and I envied the black girls who could jump rope so fast their legs became blurs. The author writes with a serious tone as she portray the hardship immigrant children faces during this time period. Judith Cofer writes for other young adult who are also developing through hard times, portrayed Puerto Rico – American immigrant life and the difficult time other children gave Elena at school.

Economics article commentary: June Harvest to Reduce inflation Essay

Inflation refers to a persistent rise in the general price level in a given period of time usually one year. There are two main types of inflation namely, demand pull inflation and cost push. Demand pull inflation is caused by raising aggregate demand that pulls up prices in the economy. There are several factors that cause this type of inflation, for example, when government reduces income tax leaving consumers with more disposable incomes to spend. However, as far as this article is concerned it is basically cost push inflation that is of major concern. Cost push inflation is caused by rising costs of production that forces producers to increase prices of the final products. High food prices have been the main driver of inflation due to the drought that hit the country early last year. Agriculture depends on natural factors beyond human control such as weather. A drought will cause shortages that will result in escalating prices as shown in the diagram below. Figure 1 DD and S1S1 are the original demand and supply curve respectively. A drought will cause a shortage that will make the supply curve to shift to the left, that is, to S2S2 and price to rise from P1 to P2 as quantity decreases from Q1 to Q2. When the drought affects most parts of the country then aggregate supply of food will fall. This inevitably makes food prices to rise. Furthermore, the article says that the rise in inflation has also been due to increase in international crude oil prices that have resulted into increases in the pump prices of fuel. Fuel is a major component in the production process and so any increase in its price will increase production costs. Consequently, there would be a fall in short-run aggregate supply as shown in the diagram below. Figure 2 AD and SRAS1 are the aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply curves respectively. A rise in cost of production shift the SRAS curve to the left that is, to SRAS2 average price increases from P1 to P2. Although inflation benefits sellers in terms of increased revenue, on the whole, it has several adverse effects. Some of these include reducing the living standard of especially fixed income earners, such as pensioners and salaried workers. This is especially since the article mentions that ‘the cost of living has been on an upward trend following increases in inflation that reached to 14.1%’. So anything that can help to reduce inflation is a welcome move. The title of this article â€Å"June Harvest to reduce inflation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that relief is on the way. Reducing Inflation means that prices will fall making essential commodities affordable by the vast majority of the consumers. However, before the harvest brings the relief the government has a number of policies at its disposal that it may use to combat inflation. Government could use monetary and fiscal policies. For instance in the case of fiscal policies the government could increase income tax to reduce disposable income of consumers. This helps to reduce aggregate demand and so stabilizes prices. The problem with this policy is that it makes the government unpopular among the voters electorate. Furthermore, it may serve to worsen the unemployment problem and might also through down the economic growth in the long run. Government could also use the supply side policies. These are policies that are used by government to increase the supply potential of the economy. For example, the government could abolish minimum wage laws. This would make it cheap to employ workers but would also reduce total cost of production. Its disadvantage is that workers are bound to be exploited by their employers. In conclusion, government of Uganda should put in place a mechanism to prevent future shortage of food by operating buffer stock schemes. And although such schemes have problem, such as cost of shortage, but their existence helps to ease shortages of foodstuffs caused by unpredictable climate changes. After all, ‘prevention is better than cure’. This is important also because the government of Uganda has no control over the international crude oil prices.

Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures

Brachylophosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Brachylophosaurus (Greek for short-crested lizard); pronounced BRACK-ee-LOW-fo-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and two tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick, downturned beak; short crest on head; susceptibility to cancer About Brachylophosaurus Three complete fossils of the hadrosaur, or duck-billed dinosaur, Brachylophosaurus have been discovered, and theyre so amazingly well-preserved that (as paleontologists often do) they were immediately given nicknames: Elvis, Leonardo and Roberta. (The same research team also unearthed a fourth, incomplete fossil of a juvenile, which they dubbed Peanut.) The most completely preserved specimen, Leonardo, is the subject of a Discovery Channel documentary, Secrets of the Dinosaur Mummy. In this show, its revealed that Leonardo had a birdlike crop on its neck (presumably to aid in digestion) as well as different-sized scales on different parts of its body, among other unique anatomical features. Although its named for the unusually short crest on its head (short, that is, for a hadrosaur), Brachylophosaurus stood out more for its thick, downward-turning beak, which some paleontologists take as evidence that the males of this genus head-butted one another for the attention of females. This dinosaur is also known for its unique pathology: detailed analysis of various fossil specimens in 2003 revealed that these individuals suffered from an assortment of tumors, and one was in the end-stages of metastatic cancer (which may either have killed this dinosaur, or weakened it sufficiently that it was easily picked off by a hungry Tyrannosaurus Rex).

Apology- Plato essays

Apology- Plato essays Socrates is a doer of evil and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the state. He has other new divinities of his own.(Apology 41) In The Apology, by Plato, these are the accusations brought against Socrates during his trial. Socrates claims that he did not consciously corrupt the youth of Athens, and he gives many reasons why he is not at fault for their actions. In Socrates defense to the jury, he claims that by looking at the facts, the jury will see that Meletus is accusing him of something that is not his fault. Socrates states that he is not responsible for the corruption of the youth, because he was not aware that he was leading them astray. Meletus and Socrates do not have the same definition of corruption. Meletus claims that what Socrates is doing is wrong. Meletus views the corruption of the youth as Socrates telling the children to believe in certain gods contrary to what gods the public believes in. Socrates says that he is not corrupting the youth, because that would mean he was harming them and he knows that he is not. Socrates defense is well-thought out and logical. Socrates asks Meletus a question, Meletus answers and then Socrates moves on to the next question to support his claim that he is not a villainous misleader of youth (Apology 41). Socrates thinks that simply presenting a point to the jury, without convincing them is enough. Socrates tries proving his case to the jury by questioning Meletus about his beliefs. This passage is essential in his defense to the jury. Socrates asks Meletus, Then every Athenian improves and elevates them, all with the exception of myself. I alone am their corrupter? Is that what you say? Meletus answers by saying, Most definitely (Apology 42). In this instance, Socrates had made a mockery of Meletus by having him state to the jury that Socrates, alone, is the corrupter of yout...

25 Idioms with Clean

25 Idioms with Clean 25 Idioms with Clean 25 Idioms with Clean By Mark Nichol The adjective clean has many senses: â€Å"free from dirt, contamination or disease, or pollution,† â€Å"fair† or â€Å"pure,† â€Å"clear† or â€Å"legible,† â€Å"smooth,† â€Å"empty,† â€Å"complete† or â€Å"thorough,† â€Å"skillful,† â€Å"free of a claim or impediment,† and â€Å"free from corruption or from lasciviousness or obscenity†; it also refers to freedom from drug addiction or lack of possession of contraband such as drugs or weapons. A variety of idioms that include the word have evolved: 1. clean (one’s) plate: eat all the food served 2. clean (someone’s) clock: beat or defeat soundly 3. clean as a whistle: pure or free of involvement in illegal activities 4. a clean bill of health: notification that a person or other entity is in good health or operating condition (from a report from a health official that all crew and passengers on a ship arriving in a port are free of illness) 5. clean break: abrupt and complete disassociation 6. clean code: well-written computer-programming code 7. clean conscience: absence of guilt or remorse (also â€Å"clear conscience†) 8. clean cut: tidy and well groomed 9. clean getaway: uninterrupted escape 10. clean house: rid an organization of corruption or inefficiency 11. clean (someone or something) out of: remove people or things 12. clean sheet: variant of â€Å"clean slate† (mostly used in British English); alternatively, said of an athlete or team that allows no goals (British English) 13. clean slate: a fresh chance or start (from the now-outmoded use of chalk on slate to record one’s debt at a tavern) 14. clean sweep: the winning of all competitions or prizes 15. clean the floor up (with someone): beat someone up 16. clean up: make something clean or proper, earn or win a lot of money, reform, or defeat 17. clean up (one’s) act: improve or reform 18. clean out: leave bare or empty, or take or deplete 19. come clean: be honest 20–21. have clean hands/keep (one’s) hands clean: be without guilt 22. keep (one’s) nose clean: stay out of trouble 23. make a clean breast of it: admit the truth 24. squeaky clean: completely clean or incorruptible 25. wipe the slate clean: give someone a fresh chance or start (see â€Å"clean slate†) Also, the proverb â€Å"A new broom sweeps clean† means that someone new to a situation (such as a job) will make a concerted effort to impress others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should Know50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsWhat is an Anagram?

Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body - Essay Example Alcohol is the only type of beverage that once adopted as a heavy drinker, cannot simply withdraw as it causes various chronic diseases in situations where a heavy drinker is forced to quit alcohol intake. "Alcohol travels through the bloodstream by simply entering the main tissues of the mouth and throat. After reaching the stomach it searches the outlet and after founding it open, it passes into small intestine thereby absorbing every single drop of it. In case the outlet of stomach is closed, stomach walls don't take longer to absorb the alcohol. The bloodstream then distributes the alcohol uniformly throughout the body. In this manner, the alcohol reaches the brain and other parts of the body". (ACS) "Blood is the main distributor of alcohol, which virtually transfers it to every cell in the body. In nursing mothers it rapidly enters the breast milk. In pregnant women it crosses the placenta and thus reaches the unborn child as well". (Zamula, 1986) Although alcohol affects the entire human body but there are particular parts of the body that are resistant to the harmful effects of alcoholism. In general, according to alcohol consumption alters health by one of the following mechanisms: Liver and Pancreas are the most affected organs that are subjected to alcohol exposure as liver is the major organ for metabolism of ethanol and it is this metabolism, with subsequent altered cellular homeostasis, that is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (Lieber, 1995). Metabolism of ethanol results in the production of a toxic metabolite substance called acetaldehyde that can bind irreversibly to cellular proteins and enzymes. In addition, complexes of acetaldehyde with various cellular proteins may form the basis of a cellular immune response directed toward the hepatocyte (Hoerner et al., 1988). Metabolism of ethanol also results in the production of hydrogen, which when interacts with carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function is subjected to accumulate fat within the liver called alcoholic fatty liver (Lieber, 1995) which is main cause of liver failure. The abuse of alcohol is a frequent cause of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These complications of alcoholism arise as a result of: 1) Direct effects of alcohol on the bone marrow, 2) Associated nutritional deficiencies especially of folic acid and pyridoxine, and 3) Alcohol-induced liver injury. (Ammerman et al, 1999, p. 79) Alcohol During Pregnancy - Fatal Alcohol Syndrome Alcoholism during pregnancy leads to a disease called "Fatal Alcohol Syndrome" (FAS), which is marked by reducing birth weight and size, small head circumference of the foetus, microophthamalia, micrognathia, an elongated upper lip, ear abnormalities, and mental retardation. So, alcohol effects the foetus following lower or mild doses of alcohol, may lead to mild abnormalities, learning problems, and behavioral disturbances in the child. The placenta is readily permeable to alcohol in

Analyze two pictures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze two pictures - Essay Example In this image, Nauman uses the literal depicting of linguistic performativity method in order to achieve layers of potential meaning to the viewer. Notions of identity and body, the role played by language, artistic process and the phenomena of spatial awareness and participation of the viewer can be said to be the most recurring themes in the Nauman’s artwork. Comparing the time this photograph was taken and when the â€Å"Self Portrait† by Albrecht Durer, 1500 was painted, it can be seen as a daring art since it is colored and digital, and that time they were considered to be artless and perfunctory in nature. It brings out the notion that the artist of the image was engaging insolently with the limits of discourse and art practice (Danto 149). In comparison with the oil painting, the photography can be identified to represent non-art functions even though it denies the autonomy and authorship of art. With the image acknowledging the representation of language through letters in art and manipulating power of the language, Nauman brings the notion that language in photography can function as a tool for guiding people in the society. Of course, language, images are inseparable from language as representation and can be invaluable source material in any artist’s future works that the pivot of the language instability by use of documentation through the camera. Therefore, this kind of Nouman’s art, transformed the world of art by bringing an installation or digital art. In the Eating my words photography, the tacitly mute Nauman derides the notion that, the image depicts self-expression in the context of art as well as to the public or viewer (Morgan 152). In the photography, language and the way it relates to the visual content of the photograph are seen as the central actors directed cleverly by Nauman. Following an innovative, rigorous approach, Nauman explores vario us means of expression and is considered

The Legalization of Marijuana Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Legalization of Marijuana - Term Paper Example The legalization of marijuana Statement of the problem Marijuana is a plant through which the dried leaves can be smoked or used as an ingredient in food from which an altered state of mental perception, or a ‘high’, can be obtained. The drug has similar effects to alcohol with less danger of violence or risky behaviors due to the imposed paranoia that it creates. Over half of all arrests for drug use are for marijuana. In 2009, 1,663,582 people were arrested for drugs, with 858,408 for marijuana possession. In comparison, only 99,815 were arrested for trafficking of marijuana. The DEA’s Administrators Judge, Francis Young concluded: â€Å"In strict medical term, marijuana is safer than many foods we commonly consume† (Get the Facts, 2011). And yet, in terms of social currency, marijuana presents a danger to freedom and to financial health through the possibility of incarceration for having made the choice to use it. In addition, the use of marijuana has a far less damaging result to one’s reputation than does an arrest, conviction, and/or incarceration. One of the reasons that marijuana should not be illegal is because of the morality that it represents in the way in which a society should administer justice. Socrates defined justice as a state in which one took care of one’s own business and did not interfere in the business of others (Gardner, 2005, p. 126). Negative morality, a concept of Asian philosophy, suggests that morality should be found through stillness, though not committing an act that might cause another harm. The act of smoking pot is not specifically intrusive into another’s rights. The family of one might object, just as they might object to the use of alcohol, cigarettes, or even over consumption of food, but their rights are not violated by someone who chooses to use those vices and they are only affected if they choose to be affected by that use. However, criminalization of the use of marijua na interferes with the reputation of the user whose life and future may or may not include its future use, but will retain a public history of it if incarcerated.  

Replacing the income tax with a national sales tax Research Paper

Replacing the income tax with a national sales tax - Research Paper Example As might be expected, one of the reasons for why a value added tax/sales tax/†fair tax† has not caught on within the United States is due to the fact that a preponderance of negative trade-offs exist with regards to implementing this. As a function of seeking to understand this issue to a more full and complete degree, the following analysis will present the reader with an understanding of the way in which a federal sales tax represents both positive and negative externalities and could ultimately harm many at risk individuals within the current society. Through such a level of argumentation, this particular researcher will seek to expound upon the complexities of a federal sales tax and the manner through which the trade-offs for this particular approach compare to the current income tax structure that currently exists. Although the analysis will most certainly go into a greater level of death concerning each of the pros and cons of a potential federal sales tax, figure 1.0 below helps to sustain sleep illustrate some of the key points that will be under discussion within this brief analysis. Figure 1.0 Trade-offs of a nation-wide federal sales tax structure       Pros levels the playing field between all tax payers    aids investments       benefits businesses       stimulates saving       eliminates IRS and the headache of "filing taxes"       Cons       disproportionate impact upon the elderly    disproportionate impact upon the poor       lack of deductions for expenses       depends too much on spending       increases potential for tax evasion    As can be seen, the main benefits that a federally mandated sales tax could incur would most certainly be with regards to leveling the playing field between all taxpayers within the system. The current system is one that places an undue level of stress upon certain individuals within society while others do not have any tax burden whatsoever (Jones 6). As suc h, a federally mandated sales tax would be a system that would invariably change this dynamic and ensure that each individual who participate in the economy would be a same rate. Another added benefit is with regards to the fact that a nationally mandated sales tax would in fact serve to increase investment. Due to the fact that investments themselves and savings would not be taxed, individuals would come to the realization that a heavy national sales tax burden would encourage them to save their money rather than spend it. By much the same token, a direct level of benefit would be with regards to businesses as they would no longer have the headache of engaging with the Internal Revenue Service and providing certain levels of withholdings (Ling & Petrova 371). Furthermore, it can also be understood that eliminating a federal income tax would also have the added benefit of doing away with an incredibly costly and inefficient Internal Revenue Service; a branch of the government that i s recently come under a great deal of scrutiny recently for its unjust, unethical, and illogical political torment of those that have alternative views to the current administration. However, it must not be understood that simply eliminating the income tax is going to be a solution that invariably benefits each and every participant within the economy. For instance, the first and most salient concern is with regards t

Expand online ASOS retailing into France Market Essay

Expand online ASOS retailing into France Market - Essay Example Also, it has to integrate and closely synchronize its online and offline marketing and communication activities. (Pughe L., march 2006) 13 Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, (1975), The Internationalisation of The Firm: Four Swedish Cases, retrieved March 14, 2009, from 18 Pughe L., (March 2006), Marketing Tactics Commonly Used By Small Internet Based Retailers To Sell Specialty Products, University of Oregon, retrieved March 14, 2009, from 18 ASOS cannot afford to be an UK only retailer and has to spread its presence in other geographical markets. While EU countries like France should its most preferred destination for expansion, ASOS also has to take a long term strategic stand and expand to other matured markets like North America, The Oceania or emerging markets like Russia, Brazil, India and China. France represents a great opportunity, but also poses a tough challenge for ASOS. With a very stable political and economical environment and a high degree of internet penetration, France is one of the obvious destinations for expansion for ASOS. However, it might be difficult for ASOS to replicate the kind of growth rates it has achieved in UK in France too. ASOS is a vibrant online fashion and beauty store for men, women and children. ASOS was established in the year 2000 and within a very short period of time it emerged to be United Kingdom’s largest independent online fashion and beauty retailer. It has an unbeatable volume and range of products. Over the years ASOS has been successful in building around 19000 brands and to keep up with it. ASOS also adds about 100- new lines each week. ASOS has a product range that appeal to all in the age group of 16 and 34 years. The website of ASOS sees almost 5 million unique visitors a month and has a whooping 2

TheGreat Depression Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TheGreat Depression - Term Paper Example Many banks and businesses went under as a result, and this instigated the fall in the economy potential, as there was reduced spending, low demand, low production and high unemployment accordingly.2 Even though, the great depression had its origins in America, all the European nations were greatly hit as they were heavily relying on the US for financial loans; the US had emerged as a great credit in the post world war one period. The complex financial relationship between the European economies and the US was inevitably the reason why the great depression could not be contained in the US, but later spread to the rest of the European nations. Nations were thrown into panic mode, most of them adopting restrictive measures, especially concerning foreign trade as mitigation to salvage their local industries.3 Discussions on the great discussion have yielded important information on the delicate financial market relationships, and this is a key area of concern especially in the view of co ntemporary global economic ties. This topic is relevant to global economies as it provides vital lessons that could help mitigate the risks of a future global financial slump.4 This paper will focus on various aspects of the great depression including, but limited to its causes, its effects in America, and the rest of European economies that were hugely indebted to the US at the time. In as much as the great depression was sparked by the great slouch in the New York stock market prices, there were other underlying factors that have been attributed to it. These factors are specifically weaknesses and imbalances that existed in the American financial system, but they had long been ignored due to the rapid economic growth, and the resultant speculative optimism. The onset of the great depression revealed the faulty premises of the American financial system, and its failure of America’s political and financial institutions to manage the economy. Concerning the causes of the great depression, five factors have been top on the list,  the fall in stock Market prices, failure of the banking system, a decline in the purchasing power, the American- Europe economic ties, and famine.5 Prior to fall in stock prices, banks had been lending out large sums of money to businesses and investors, even way beyond their capabilities; this gave rise to debt deflation. After the crash in prices, great losses were incurred by stock investors as the value of stocks had gone down drastically i.e. stocks lost over 90% of their value, and stockholders incurred losses amounting to over 40 billion dollars. Many banks could not recover their loans as many debtors defaulted in payments, and as a result, many people withdrew their deposits. Rapid measures of self-preservation were taken by the surviving banks and this included cutting down on loans, a desperate move that resulted to further limitations to the economy. Bank's restrictive measures  to limit lending, coupled by loss o f jobs and the resultant unemployment led to harsh times in the history of the US economy; there was low output and low demand of products and as such, many businesses suffered insolvency. About 11,000 banking institutions had collapsed by the year 1933, as they could not

Expand online ASOS retailing into France Market Essay

Expand online ASOS retailing into France Market - Essay Example Also, it has to integrate and closely synchronize its online and offline marketing and communication activities. (Pughe L., march 2006) 13 Johanson & Wiedersheim-Paul, (1975), The Internationalisation of The Firm: Four Swedish Cases, retrieved March 14, 2009, from 18 Pughe L., (March 2006), Marketing Tactics Commonly Used By Small Internet Based Retailers To Sell Specialty Products, University of Oregon, retrieved March 14, 2009, from 18 ASOS cannot afford to be an UK only retailer and has to spread its presence in other geographical markets. While EU countries like France should its most preferred destination for expansion, ASOS also has to take a long term strategic stand and expand to other matured markets like North America, The Oceania or emerging markets like Russia, Brazil, India and China. France represents a great opportunity, but also poses a tough challenge for ASOS. With a very stable political and economical environment and a high degree of internet penetration, France is one of the obvious destinations for expansion for ASOS. However, it might be difficult for ASOS to replicate the kind of growth rates it has achieved in UK in France too. ASOS is a vibrant online fashion and beauty store for men, women and children. ASOS was established in the year 2000 and within a very short period of time it emerged to be United Kingdom’s largest independent online fashion and beauty retailer. It has an unbeatable volume and range of products. Over the years ASOS has been successful in building around 19000 brands and to keep up with it. ASOS also adds about 100- new lines each week. ASOS has a product range that appeal to all in the age group of 16 and 34 years. The website of ASOS sees almost 5 million unique visitors a month and has a whooping 2

Consommation (in French) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consommation (in French) - Essay Example Mais cette expà ©rience moderne est trà ¨s diffà ©rente de celle du passà ©, quand faire les achats à ©tait un processus plus long, qui demandait plus d’à ©nergie. Aujourd’hui, je suis sà »r que les produits procurà ©s dans le supermarchà © sont de bonne qualità ©, puisqu’ils sont bien rà ©glementà ©s et bien gà ©rà ©. Le stock contient une gamme varià ©e de produits, mà ªme des apparats à ©lectriques, qui sont moins cher que les autres produits dans les petits magasins. Je pense qu’il vaut mieux acheter des produits qui sont situà ©s sous le mà ªme toit ou je suis plus attentif à   ce que j’achà ¨te. Faire des courses est, donc, une expà ©rience rafraà ®chissante et facile. Mais quand j’à ©tais enfant, jhabitais dans une petite ville en Irlande dans les annà ©es quatre vingt, ou il ny avait pas de grandes chaà ®nes de supermarchà ©s. Ma famille et moi faisaient les achats le samedi matin dans un marchà © ou nous achetions nos fruits et nos là ©gumes; il prenait au moins quatre heures pour finir les courses. On trouvait du pain à   la boulangerie et de la viande à   la boucherie, ou les produits à ©taient toujours frais et personne n’à ©tait mà ©fiant de leur bonne qualità ©. En plus, ma mà ¨re parlait avec les autres clients, donc on sentait une forte sensation dappartenir à   la communautà © et les petites entreprises et commerà §ants à ©taient une partie de notre culture et notre identità ©. J’ai alors pris cette tradition avec moi et aujourd’hui, je vais aussi aux petits commerà §ants pour certains ingrà ©dients, comme pain, lait, fromage ou chocolat parce que ma famille en mange beaucoup. Maintenant, les petites entreprises ont disparu et ont à ©tà © remplacà ©es par les grandes chaà ®nes de supermarchà ©s. Toutefois, je ne suis pas triste; au contraire, jaime la convenance moderne. Je crois que les communautà ©s ont besoin dun centre commercial proche pour acheter les choses nà ©cessaires sans grand effort. Aussi, nous habitons dans une socià ©tà © multiculturelle et cest important

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance Management Essay William Hill employee workers in order to help the company to contribute its services. The efforts of Human Resources are directed towards improving the performance of employees and thereby enabling the business to achieve its objectives. Every business has to measure the performance of their company, this is to ensure efficiency and therefore they need their staff to perform effectively. William Hill always tries there best to recognise areas that are unsatisfactory for workers and find the aspects of weakness in the organization and do provide relevant training for individuals in order to develop this skills. They also realise that hard work has to paid off well so William Hill promote and reward good performance of employees with the use of bonus and this ensures workers tend to work better because they know that if they work well the organisation does better and further increase in pay will be awarded. Due to different hierarchical structures in companies, you will find that there are several methods to monitor performance, which do benefit these companies, and the system, which is commonly found, is the appraisal system. This is a one to one meeting with employee and manager to discuss the individuals performance between a certain periods. It is a rather good way in which to gain feedback from workers, discussing their performance to improve for the next meeting, identify what training is required if needed also to classify the potential for promotion and finally to reward performance related pay. William Hill does not find this method rather approachable due to the decentralisation of power of each subsidiary and some workers dont have a based shop but it can be used to encourage their employees to perform better because in appraisals you set targets which one would strive to meet in order to gain better financial gains. This relates with Hezbergs theory of motivator factors, one is given recognition of their efforts, which then enables a chance of improvement such as promotion due to the motivation the employee has also gained job satisfaction. Douglas McGregors theory Y can also be linked to appraisals if they met the targets that are set in the appraisal meeting then there is a good chance of promotion, this means that there is chance that workers can start enjoying work and be motivated by the job itself. McGregors theory X concurrent also that a pay increase, as he assumed that those in X are motivated by money. Abraham Maslows theory correlates with employees gaining job security by performing well, and if promotion is acknowledgeable then promotion will allow them to reach self- actualisation because their full potential has been realised. Businesses can use observation, which is when the manger watches the worker while they are working to ensure they are working efficiently and fault analysis, which is when the work is checked after it, has been finished to check for mistakes. In both incidents training can be identified and check for good performances and it indicates to the individual where they are going wrong and what needs to be done better. Training enables workers to be very familiarise with their job and will perform it to their best which according to Maslow will gain self-esteem to workers due to the confidence given by performing well. Performance through profit is when a business compares profit form previous years or to rivals to show how well they are performing. William Hill can use this in enabling them to see which area needs more work to increase workers routine such as training in needed areas to ensure that they perform rather more competitively with rivals also so that employees can be awarded dep ending how well the company does. This links with Taylor and McGregor theory Y as they all presume people are only motivated by money. Performance through productivity is when a company measures its workers output, this is done through William Hill by how much betting slips are taken by each Cashier and if targets are met then bonuses are rewarded monthly with your pay. This links with Maslow stating that rewarding workers gives them esteem as well as receiving recognition for their good performance. Performance related pay is when workers are paid according to their performance at work. William Hill can increase pay according to productivity or give the workers a bonus. This can be linked into the same theories as performance through productivity as they will be rewarded in the same way because it is financial gains that workers are gaining. Through various achievements within the organisation reward can also be given for instance when new employees go through the whole stage of induction program, William Hill will issue a certificate nicely presented to the worker, also a sense of achievement means more responsibility so they have moved from the trainee section which is related to promotion also so an increase of pay due to this. Through all of this William Hill are recognising their employees effort within the organisation which relates to Maslow theory of gaining once again esteem needs due to an increase of responsibility and Herzbergs motivator factors of achievement and recognition because the have ascertained to this level in William Hill PLC. Employees tend to be rewarded with good sales performance in William Hill through the way they demonstrate their skills, knowledge, behaviour and attitude towards customers. They are rewarded with promotion, job enlargement, job enrichment and fringe benefits that should keep them motivated to perform better at their position in William Hill. Theorists such as Taylor, Maslow and theory X believe those economic sorts of rewards are good for those who only work for the love money and this will motivate them to perform well whereas theory Y, Herzbergs motivators states that the job enrichment, enlargement and promotion are giving them more responsibility which should motivate but at the end of the day they want do the extra job with less pay that what is deserved. Long service to William Hill is also an achievement made because you have gained various skills and abilities also knowledge of William Hill to apply and allow new employees to imitate. This loyalty is rewarded with extra paid holiday allowance greater bonus at the end of each year to acknowledge also. This allows workers to feel respected and recognised by the company also part of the family. Gaining the bonus is a financial incentive and Taylor believes that is what motivates workers but Herzberg sees this as only causing job satisfaction not a motivator, the real motivator is that sense of achievement and reorganisation and this also relates to Maslow because esteem is given through respect and effort due to the loyalty the worker has given to William Hill.

Essay --

3) There are many causes of child labour, but the biggest cause is money. People build factories in poor areas so that it would attract cheap labour which are the children that they target. Another cause is the lack of protection from the government; the businesses help the economy grow and make the country successful. If the government stops child labour, then the businesses may threaten to move to another country that would also welcome the chance to look good. The government is too greedy and is willing to put children’s lives in danger. Poverty is another reason for child labour. The many that are poor do not have enough money to support their children, so they do not send their children to school. The majority of people don’t have a house to live in, and they don’t have enough money to buy food. So since they don’t go to school, parents send them to work, or they sell their child for money. 4) Child labour effects the knowledge, economy and condtions of the children. When parents are in need of money, they stop their kids from going school and send them to work. The children the...

Launching a Successful Digital Mobile Business Essay -- Apps for Busin

Introduction Since I was a child the idea of being a business owner has been a dream of mine. I never knew the requirements of starting, running or growing a business; however, I knew I needed to design a product to sell. In the 6th grade I approached my parents and told them when I grow up I want to own a business. I vividly remember my Father laughing while my Mother smiled and told me that it took a lot of work, time and experience to own and run a business. I decided to do some research, getting on the family computer I found out that a popular way to develop a business was to learn computer programming and write software. Years later, I worked in the Information Technology field after high school and saved up money to continue my education at State University. Majoring in Business with the Information Technology Concentration, I will gain the skills to work in a business environment but will still need to educate myself in order to found my own startup business. Taking Care of the Basics There are many markets, ideas and problems that have to be considered while brainstorming startup ideas. In fact there is such an abundance of aspects; one will undoubtedly feel overwhelmed from time to time. To avoid excessive frustration, it is a great idea to break up the development process into many different sections and complete each task in order. This paper will follow the path in which one should take in the development of their startup. The first task of a business is to decide on a product or service to develop. As stated above, there are many markets that can be considered in developing said product or service; however, I have chosen to stick to the market that is constantly growing and evolving on a day to d... ...portunity. Works Cited Ready, K. (2011). Startup: An insider's Guide to Launching and Running a Business. New York: Apress. Louise. (2012, April 11). Different Types of Apps for Business. Retrieved November 14, 2013, from http://newmediaangels.com/2012/04/different-types-of-apps-for-business/ Whiteling, I., & Welstead, S. (2010). Start Your Own Business 2010: The Ultimate Step-By-Step Guide / edited by Ian Whiteling & Steph Welstead. 3rd ed. Richmond: Crimson. Lee, M. (2012) Business Plans Handbook (Vol. 22) : Michigan: Cengage Learning. McKeever, M. (2007). How to Write a Business Plan. 8th ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2002 Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (2012). Start a Business. Retrieved from http://business.ca.gov/StartaBusiness.aspx Dooley, J. (2011). Software Development and Professional Practice. New York: Apress.

Cari’s Story Essay

A) How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? Mucous membranes of the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and middle ear are connected by ducts in the throat. B) What is a cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? A cough reflex has both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) components. Pulmonary irritant receptors (cough receptors) in the epithelium of the respiratory tract are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli. Stimulation of the cough receptors by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which is necessary to remove the foreign material from the respiratory tract before it reaches the lungs. A long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly punches the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. C) Which structure found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter? Macrophages are present (wandering phagocytes) that remove dust particles and other debris from the alveolar space. D) How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? The lung capacity is decreased because the air space is already filled with mucus and fluids therefore she can’t take in enough oxygen. The extra mucus and fluids put extra pressure on the lungs. E) How would Cari’s lungs compliance (the effort required to expand the  lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? The fluid makes it harder to expand the lungs because the fluid makes the alveoli sticky and unable to open/expand. F) How would fluid in Cari’s lungs affect her total lung capacity? Her lung capacity would go down because the air space is already being taken up by fluid. G) How does the elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? The elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate should increase her minute ventilation. H) Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94 percent; Cari’s blood oxygen saturation level was 90 percent at the time of her exam and an initial arterial blood gas analysis done when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54 mmHg. How do these clinical findings related to the internal respiration in Cari’s body? Cari’s oxygen saturation level was 90% and the Po2 of would show that her arteries are having too much oxygen. A normal resenting mmHg is 40% and exercises lower Po2 level. A normal resting oxygen level is 94%. I) Which of the symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchange at her tissues? Cari said she is â€Å"panting like a dog† is from the lack of oxygen and reduces her oxygen exchange. J) As Cari’s PCO2 rose how was oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? As Cari’s Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? The oxygen carrying of hemoglobin volume with the rise of Pco2 will decrease since the Co2 will take O2’s.? Cari’s pH and Pco2 will decrease and her rate of breathing will also be decreasing. K) How would you have expected Cari’s decreased PCO2 and alkaline blood PH to have affected her breathing? Cari’s pH and Pco2 will decrease and her rate of breathing will also be decreasing. L) How would administration of oxygen enhance Cari’s central drive to breathe? The fluid in her lungs makes it  hard to expand because the fluid makes the alveoli sticky and it can’t expand and open. Cari will breathe better when oxygen was administered to her. M) Which anatomical structures in Cari’s respiratory system were initially involved? The structures involved are the trachea, nasal, pharynx, and larynx, and the lungs. N) Why was Cari plagued with a chronic smokers cough? Cari is plagued with a chronic smoker‘s cough because she has a 20 year history of smoking. O) Which damaging effects of tobacco smoke led to Cari’s impaired respiratory defenses mechanisms? There are damages to the epithelial with those damages comes the body’s repair process. P) How did pneumonia affect Cari’s lung function? Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It results in an inflammatory response within the small air spaces of the lung (alveoli).

A Business Plan on Unique Furniture in Bd

Yes, We are Unique Prepared by: Desperate PREPARED FOR Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Guest Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, Dhaka PREPARED BY Group Name: Desperate Batch : XI , Section : A Dhaka City College, Dhaka. DATE OF SUBMISSION November 29 2012 Group Information Group Name: Desperate List of Group Members: SerialNo. | Full Name| ID| 01| Abu-Bakar-Siddique| 13| 02| Md. Shohel Perves| 15| 03| Md. Nasim Miah| 35| 04| Md. Rakibul Alam| 57| Letter of Transmittal To Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, DhakaSubject: To submit the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† Sir, We respectfully state that you have assigned us to write the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture†. To prepare this report we have given our best effort. However, as we are student and still in learning process there may have some lacking, limitations and errors in this report. We are very much grateful to you for giving us the opportunity to find out and gain knowledge on this aspect of â€Å"Paper made Furniture† in Bangladesh. Preparing this assignment is an experience for us which helps us in our practical life.We would like to thank you for providing us with such opportunity. Sincerely yours, (Md. Shohel Perves) On behalf of Group: â€Å"Desperate† Student declaration We are declaring that the report on the topic of â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† has only been prepared for the partial fulfillment of the course requirement of Entrepreneural Development. Executive Summary Unique Furniture is the biggest private furniture produce centre in Bangladesh. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier.The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. We are not only the produ cer of furniture but also the provider of better service to the furniture. Unique furniture is doing its best to fulfill the wishes of people. Unique furniture has 5 promoters who will promote this business. These owners are highly qualified and experienced. Unique furniture is completely a private company and promoters are solvent enough. But this solvency is not enough for our business. So our 60% capital is external and 40% capital is internal. Unique furniture follows strict rules always. We are liable to provide quality products.To make a marketing plan first of all unique furniture had to look on the current market situation, products, competitors etc. Moreover unique furniture has allocated enough money for advertising and public relation. Financial Plan is one of the main portions of our business. These are mainly technical terms of sales, means of financing, profitability projection etc. The initial cost of project is maximum as per the total cost of project concern which i s Tk. 403,55,00,000. In the term of estimates of sales, its accessories price is like present selling price. We have also some labor and rent costs.Unique furniture target of profit mark – up is 30%. Unique furniture will make profit Tk. 111,04,12,919 after 5 years. We hope after this time our company will be the best private furniture producing company in Bangladesh. In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price. We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited.Acknowledgement First of all we would like to thank the Almighty for giving us strength and the aptitude to complete this report. This report is far from complete perfection, but it could not be accomplished witho ut the unity of our team members. We have collected a lot of information from internet and visited many companies. Anything humanly created in the world is not completely perfect and we are no exception. We apologize if there is any error in this report. Table of Content Chapters| Subjects| Page No. | Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 11-12| | 1. 1| Introduction| 11| | 1. 2| Objectives of the Report| 11| | 1. 3| Methodology| 11-12|Part 2| Business Description Segment| 12-15| | 2. 1| General Description of the venture| 12| | 2. 2| Vision| 12| | 2. 3| Mission| 12| | 2. 4| Objectives of the company| 13| | 2. 5| Board of Directors| 13| | 2. 5. 1| Status and Shareholding Percentage| 14| | 2. 6| Management Team| 14| | 2. 7| Organization Structure| 15| Part 3| Marketing Plan| 16-26| | 3. 1| Current Scenario in Bangladesh| 16| | 3. 2| Current market situation| 16| | 3. 3| Marketing department| 17| | 3. 4| Sales department| 17| | 3. 5| Financial department| 17| | 3. 6| HR department| 18| | 3. 7| SWOT Analysis| 18-20| | 3. 8| Competitor Analysis| 21| | 3. | STP Analysis| 21| | 3. 9. 1| Market Segmentation| 22| | 3. 9. 2| Target Market| 22| | 3. 9. 3| Market Positioning| 22| | 3. 10| Marketing Mix Analysis| 23| | 3. 10. 1| Product Identification| 23| | 3. 10. 2| Pricing| 23| | 3. 10. 3| Promotion| 23| | 3. 10. 4| place| 23| | 3. 11| Brand awareness| 24| | 3. 12| Selling and Advertising| 24| | 3. 13| Research analysis| 24-26| | 3. 14| Corporate social responsibility| 26| Part 4| Financial Analysis| 27-35| | 4. 1| Cost of Project| 27| | 4. 2| Financial Plan and Loan Requirement| 28| | 4. 3| Means of Financing| 29| | 4. 4| Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing| 30| | 4. | Cost of Project Calculation| 31| | 4. 6| Income Statement (One Year)| 32| | 4. 7| Projected Income Statement| 33-34| | 4. 8| Cash Flow Statement| 34| | 4. 9| Balance Sheet| 35| Part 5| Location Analysis| 36| | 5. 1| Location Description| 36| Part 6| Risk Analysis| 37| | 6. 1| Risks & Remedies| 37| | 6. 1. 1 | Risks| 37| | 6. 1. 2| Remedies| 37| Part 7| Conclusion| 38-40| | 7. 1| Conclusion| 38| | 7. 2| Recommendation| 39| | 7. 3| Bibliography| 39| | 7. 3. 1| Reference of Books| 39| | 7. 3. 2| Reference of Web-Sites| 39| | 7. 3. 3| Product samples| 40| Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 1. 1 IntroductionBefore starting our journey we want to give you some information of the current situation of furniture sector in Bangladesh. If we see the last year statistics which is provided by Statistic Bureau of Bangladesh that, we can say one company called Otobi. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier. The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. 1. 2 Objectives of the Study * To make the use of paper made furniture popular. * To provide brief information about our company and services. To analyze the sections of the project as example: Marketing, Finance et c. * To start a pilot project from the village named â€Å"Dendabor† at Savar 1. 3 Methodology To organize this report we selected some primary and secondary data sources. To gather the prime information we had to prepare questionnaires and also had to visit the organizations to obtain information through oral interviews. This report has been prepared by preserving following steps: * At first we represented the theoretical and historical perspective of the report. * We collected a lot of information from the external reports and internet. Then we take help from our teachers and the students of previous batches. * We took authorization to visit a company and lastly we have visited it. * We got different kind of information through oral interviews. * As a final point we delivered our recommendation Part 2| Business Description Segment| 2. 1 General Description of the Venture (Product or Service) We are going for launch a production of equipments that can produce furniture from the paper. We will also open Home service those will provide services to our customers. Customers' satisfaction is our main objective. 2. 2 VisionWe are the new furniture solution provider in Bangladesh achieving our business vision through growth in market reach, increasing operation size, international distribution, total service and consistent branding activities by the being most customers focused ; Innovative, cost effective ; efficient, environmentally responsible ; quality concerned company in the business. 2. 3 Mission To be the most consumer-focused, competitive, efficient, innovative, and environmentally responsible and quality concerned leading market oriented furniture manufacturer, sales and distributor of Bangladesh by the year 2014. . 4 Objectives of the Company * Generate and provide reasonably priced furniture to our customers. * Efficient utilization of Capital, Machineries, Material and Human Resources. * Continuous improvement of customer satisfaction and resourc e management. * Produce low cost furniture. 2. 5 Board of Directors Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Md. Foysal Director Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Asikollah Supervisor Md. Yeasin Director Shahjada Yeasir Arafat Shuvo Supervisor Farzana Amin Director Md. Rafiqul Islam Supervisor 2. 5. 1 Status and Shareholding Percentage Name| Status| Shareholding Percentage|Md. Abdul Aziz| Chairman| 25%| Md. Rejaul Karim| Vice-Chairman| 15%| Md. Foysal | Director| 15%| Md. Yeasin| Director| 15%| Farzana Amin| Director| 15%| Shahjada Yeasir Arafat | Supervisor| 05%| Md. Asikollah| Supervisor| 05%| Md. Rafiqul Islam| Supervisor| 05%| | Total| 100%| 2. 6 Management Team Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Farzana Amin Director (HRM) Md. Yeasin Director (Marketing) Md. Foysal Director (Finance) 2. 7 Organization Structure Office Staffs (40 People) Share Holders Board of Directors Managing Director General Manager Secretary Sales ManagerProduction Manager Purchase Manager Production as sociating Staffs (5 people) Sales associating Staffs (5 people) Purchase associating Staffs (5 people) Sales Executives (3 people) Purchase Executives (3 people) Salesman (36 people) Salesman (36 people) Super visors (5 people) Salesman (1000 people) Part 3| Marketing Plan| 3. 1. Current Scenario in Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country. Most of the people wanted to decorate their house with furniture. But they can’t properly decorate their house because of high priced furniture’s which are already existed in Bangladesh.So we have a plan to produce furniture from papers which will be lower priced than the other furniture’s. Now people are thinking Unique furniture, people are thinking about how to save money. Now has become a primary need of our customer. So we want to create something new for our business plan and that can also help our society. Some companies like Otobi, Hatil, Pertax are providing the facilities of producing furniture from the wood. B ut the advantage cannot reach to the people of rural areas. Based on this positive information we are planning to make a project of producing furniture from papers.We hope it will get a good market inside our country. Unique furniture will produce huge quantity of furniture that will meet the need of our country. 3. 2 Current market situation Present situation of furniture is high priced. Increasing price of furniture has become common word now. We have a plan to provide furniture all over the country but middle and upper middle class are our target customers. Some companies are providing facility, but it is less than the demand. Present situation is perfect for this business. Paper made furniture is quite new idea, but we will introduce this to the rural and urban people.We think people will appreciate it and their hope is our inspiration. 3. 3 Marketing Department: Marketing department reports to Sales and works closely with the business line heads, the product development team an d Customer Service team globally. The role involves a high level of market sizing and data analysis projects with the objectives of identifying opportunities and risks and forming strategic recommendations to senior management and ideas to satisfy the economic. Here are also some objectives of our marketing department- * Focus on capacity optimization and assigning capacity to potential customer to ensure the highest revenue. Credit monitor, notify customer and ensure superior services delivery to our customer. * To develop mutual business benefits. * Co-ordinate with other departments (i. e. Technical, Billing and Finance) to maintain smooth operation. 3. 4 Sales department: Our sales department has some different objectives. The objectives of our sales department are given below: * To achieve sales target. * To ensure overall success and customer satisfaction. * Develop new market segments and expand the existing market. 3. 5 Financial Department:Finance department function in our Unique Furniture are being the budgeting and forecasting investment decision making ; raising and allocation fund. * To handle companies TAX ; VAT issues. * Finalize of the statement of income ; expenditure. 3. 6 HR Department: The objectives of HR department are * Conduct recruitment ; selection process by using external /internal sourcing channels and deliver resources on time as per plan though following all stages. * Handle contract renewal management. * Keep ; update all personal files of expatriates ; local employees. 3. 7 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths OpportunitiesWeaknesses Threats The following is a SWOT analysis as it applies to the Unique Furniture: Strengths: 1. Sell reasonable and quality products 2. Long durability of the Furniture’s 3. Fulfill with modern furniture’s. Weaknesses: 1. Lack age of advertisement 2. Lacking of relation with customers 3. New idea Opportunities: 1. Use of all types of papers. 2. Creating more job opportunity 3. Rapid i ndustrialization and urbanization 4. Increasing living standards of rural areas. 5. Be a number one brand in furniture sector 6. Providing quality furniture all over the country. Threats: 1. Will be highly competitive market 2. Change of environment 3.Achieving people faith. MarketingParticulars | Performance| Importance| | MajorStrength| MinorStrength| Neutral| MinorStrength| MajorStrength| High| Mid| Low| 1. Companyreputation| Yes| | | | | v| | | 2. Marketshare| | Yes| | | | v| | | 3. Customersatisfaction| Yes| | | | | v| | | 4. Productquality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 5. Servicequality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 6. Pricingeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 7. Promotioneffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 8. Distributioneffectiveness| | Yes| | | | v| | | 9. Sales forceeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 10. Innovationeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 11. Geographicalcoverage| | Yes| | | | v| | | 2. Customerretention| Yes| | | | | v| | | SWOT analysis table:This SWOT analysis is apply for Uniqu e furniture: We have an opportunity to create good position and reputation in market. It is only possible when we can solve our all problems and give more attention on our job. 3. 8 Competitor Analysis Furniture business in Bangladesh is highly competitive. As a new furniture company we have also some competitor. They are 1. Otobi furniture 2. Partex furniture 3. Talukdar farniture 4. Hatil furniture and so on. First competitor for unique furniture is Otobi furniture. Which is leading furniture company in Bangladesh.To become a leading company in Bangladesh we have to compete with these existed furniture company. 3. 9 STP Analysis Marketing strategies: The entire marketing process: 3. 9. 1 Market Segmentation Three types of people live in our society upper class, middle class, and poor. So we also segment our product, price, and market into three groups. We think this marketing method will ideally work. Because different person have different status and parching power. Segmentation is the key to reach them. We segment our product for all kinds' people in our society. Here is our target market level: 1. Lower class 2.Lower middle class 3. Middle class 4. Upper class 3. 9. 2 Target Market Most of the people in our society are middle and upper middle class. So our first target is to catch the market of middle and upper middle class people. We will also provide our facilities to the rich people. After fulfilling their demand we will provide our business to the mills and factories. 3. 9. 3 Market Positioning Reputation of an institution depends on its quality. We give our first priority to the quality of product. Maintaining quality of product is the only way to achieve the faith of customers and their faith makes our position in the market. . 10 Marketing Mix Analysis 3. 10. 1 Product Identification Most of the equipment that can produce furniture from the papers will be made by us like sofa, chair, table, dining table, reading table, Corner set, book self etc. To produce furniture from papers we need some more products like paper, barley, color, frame, etc and we purchase this from other companies. 3. 10. 2 Pricing At first our target is to reach furniture to the middle and upper middle class customers, so our price should be low. After reaching to the target we fix our price based on market demand. 3. 10. 3 PromotionWe have a plan to make furniture which will make by papers. But now we are focus on our present activities to promote the productivity of furniture from papers. After promoting this we will focus on other matters. 3. 10. 4 Place â€Å"Place† means not just the locations of producer facilities, but the locations of all points of sale at which customers may have access to the product or service. That’s why we are going to set up our organization at Savar. We will serve our services to the rural areas of our country. 3. 11 Brand awareness Most people believe in brand. Because brand gives them warranty and make them c onfident.We have some competitor in the market and they are brand companies like Otobi, pertex, talukdar, Hatil etc. But many people don't know about their new service of renewable energy. So if we provide more equipment in a short time and advertise more than our business will get a brand name. 3. 12 Selling and Advertising At first we will sell our products base on our customers demand. We don't recruit any dealer for our product. We will sell our product from our sales centre. First time advertising cost will be more and we have to make peoples interest on our product.We will use TV, Radio, newspapers and Leaflet for our advertising, because these are the most modern and common means of advertising. 3. 12 Slogan and Logo Our Slogan is â€Å"Yes, we are Unique† Our Logo is 3. 13 Research analysis Population: The population of this research project has defined as follow: 1. Elements: All types of people who living within the Dhaka City. 2. Sampling units: All types of people ( Customer and Retailer) 3. Sampling Frame: The distributors and retailers which are located in Uttara, Gazipur, Nilkhet those who are selling different types of furniture. They are the sampling frame of research project. Primary data collected from – 1. Retailers 2. Customer of other furniture Company. 3. Different types of people * Sample size: As the population of this research project is 100 (50 Customers and 50 Retailers). * Sampling procedure: Among probabilistic sampling methods, simple random sampling procedure has been used in order to select sampling units from population. * Survey Process: Through face-to-face interview the survey process will be done. * Data processing and Analysis: Based on variables, researcher will analyze all the data basically throughout the subsequent style – 1.Descriptive statistics to identify user’s categories. Instrumentation: Through questionnaires and face to face interview. Activity To prepare this report we survey mark et many days. We have some question to the customer and retailers when we survey. The customer and retailer’s personal interview and question will be show in this chart: 3. 14 Corporate Social Responsibility We live in a society. We do business for the development of our society. So every business has some social responsibility. Our business has also social responsibility. By using our furniture people can save money but they will get well services from us.We will also spend 5% profit of our business for social development. With this money we will start Tree Plantation Program all over the country and try to fulfill the required 25% forest of our country. It is not possible right now, but we will try our best to complete this work within next20 years. We will also give merit scholarship to the poor meritorious students that they can continue their study. Every year we will take new program to develop our society and that is our corporate social responsibility in marketing. Pa rt 4| Financial Analysis| 4. 1 Cost of Project Making a place is very important for any kinds of business work.We have selected our industrial area at Saver. We have bought a land by loan. Our business construction has been already finished. The total cost of the project will be estimated at TK 30, 00, 00,000. The details costs of the project are as follow as- Particulars| Taka| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| Building| 2,00,00,000| Machinery| 16,00,00,000| Technical expenses| 10,00,000| Pre-operative expenses| 20,00,000| Working capital| 370,00,000| Total| 30,00,00,000| | | | | 4. 2 Financial Plan and Loan Requirement Particulars| Owner’s Equity| Bank Loan| Total| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| | 8,00,00,000|Building| | 2,00,00,000| 2,00,00,000| Machinery | | 16,00,00,000| 16,00,00,000| Technical Expenses| 10,00,000| | 10,00,000| Pre-Operative Expenses| 20,00,000| | 20,00,000| Working Capital| 3,70,00,000| | 3,70,00,000| Total| 12,00,00,000| 18,00,00,000| 30 ,00,00,000| Percentage| 40%| 60%| 100%| 4. 3 Means of Financing Company/Our institution will take 40% as owner's equity and other 60% will be taken as bank loan. The loan amount is 18, 00, 00,000 and 12, 00, 00,000 is the equity capital of Unique Furniture Ltd. 4. 4 Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing Particulars| Amount (TK)| Number|Raw materialsStocks of goods in processStocks of finished goodsOperating expensesTotal| 20,50,0006,00,0004,00,00033,333| | | 30,83,333| | | | | | | | 4. 5 Cost of Project Calculation Capital requirement| Amount| Amount| Fixed Asset:LandBuildingMachineryTotal Fixed AssetPre-operative expensesTechnical expensesWorking Capital:Raw materialsWork-in-processFactory overheadTotal Working CapitalTotal working requirement| 8,00,00,0002,00,00,00016,00,00,000| 26,00,00,00020,00,00010,00,0003,70,00,00030,00,00,000 | | 2,00,00,0001,00,00,00070,00,000| | | | | 4. 6 Income Statement (One Year) Particulars| Amount (TK)| Amount (TK)|Sales (30% Mark Up) Less: C ost of production: Raw materials Work-in- process Factory overhead Gross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expensesTotal administrative ; selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses Depreciation Earning before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%) Profit after Tax | 394,55,00,0002,45,00,0003,00,00,000| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| | 60,50,00,00020,00,50,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 112,91,50,00080,50,50,000| | | 32,41,00,0009,41,00,000| | 23,41,00,0002,70,00,000| | | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| | | 15,53,25,000| | | | | | | 4. 7 Projected Income StatementParticulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Sales (30% Mark Up))Less: Cost of productionGross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses DepreciationEarning Before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%)Profit After Tax| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| 615,49,60,000480,00,00,000| 738,59,76,000576,00,00,000| 886,31,71,20069120,00,000| 1063,58,05,4408 29,44,00,000| | 112,91,50,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 135,49,80,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 162,59,76,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 195,11,71,20060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 234,14,05,44060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| | 32,41,00,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 54,99,30,0006,73,13,0001,30,00,000| 82,09,26,0005,58,69,7901,30,00,000| 114,61,21,2004,63,71,9261,30,00,000| 153,63,55,4403,84,88,6991,30,00,000| | 23,00,00,0002,70,00,000| 6,96,17,0002,29,95,107| 69,61,86,4201,83,89,481| 108,67,49,2741,30,93,010| 148,48,66,74170,02,069| | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| 44,66,21,89311,16,55,473| 67,77,96,93916,94,49,235| 107,36,56,26426,84,14,066| 147,78,64,67236,94,66,168| | 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 8 Cash Flow Statement Particulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Profit After Tax| 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| Add: Depreciation| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,0 0,000| 1,30,00,000| Total Profit| 16,83,25,000| 34,79,66,420| 52,13,47,704| 81,82,42,198| 112,13,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 9 Balance Sheet Description| Amount (Tk)| Amount (Tk)| Current assets:CashAccount receivablesInventoriesFixed assets:LandLess: DepreciationBuildingLess: DepreciationMachinery Less: DepreciationTechnical ExpensesPower GridLess: DepreciationPre operating costTotal AssetsLiabilities:Accounts payableTaxLong term liabilities:Long term bank loanLess; 1st InstallmentOwner's equityTotal Liabilities| 12,00,00,0002,10,00,0005,00,00,000| 15,10,00,0005,60,00,0001,90,00,0009,50,00,00010,00,0005,70,00,0002,00,0,00040,00,00,000 12,66,99,28415,33,00,71612,00,00,00040,00,00,000 | | 8,00,00,0002,40,00,000| | | 4,00,00,0002,10,00,000| | | 10,00,00,00050,00,000| | | 6,00,00,00030,00,000| | | 7,49,24,2845,17,75,000| | | 18,00,00,0002,66,99,284| | | | | Part 5| Location Analysis| 5. 1 Location Description Location Address: 112B, Nabinagar, Dendabor Bazar, Savar-Dhaka. Area: 35100 sft. Price of the Land: Tk. 8,00,00,000Owner of the Land: Unique Furniture Ltd. Co. Part 6| Risk Analysis| 6. 1 Risks & Remedies 6. 1. 1 Risks * It’s a new business, people hardly recognized about it. * Lacking of relation with customers 6. 1. 2 Remedies * We have to make people concern about our service. * Home service employees should do their duties responsibly. Part 7| Conclusion| 7. 1 Conclusion In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price.We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited. 7. 2 Recommendation * It is naturally difficult to launch a new product, as new company unique furniture has some limitation. * We will try our best to find out our problem a nd we solve our problem very soon * Customers are always welcome to give their comments * We are always ready to solve customer problems 7. 3 Bibliography 7. 3. 1 Reference of Books * Entrepreneural Development By A A Khanka * Business Ethics & Applications for Higher Secondary 1st & 2nd Paper By Md. Khalekuzzaman 7. 3. 2 Reference of Web-Sites: * www. google . com * www. ask. com * www. wikipedida. com 7. 3. 3 Product Samples: